Fall Yard & Lawn Care
With autumn upon us and winter
rapidly approaching, you're probably not spending much time thinking about your
lawn. But autumn, with its cooler temperatures and occasional rainfall, is the
perfect time to prepare your lawn for next spring. Cooling temperatures slow
above ground growth, and moist soil encourages strong root development. Many
homeowners think lawns need less care in the fall because the grass grows more
slowly. In fact, just the opposite is true. During autumn, grass is
busily absorbing energy, moisture, and nutrients in preparation for a long,
dormant winter.
Here are some steps to help get your lawn ready:
Aerate your lawn: A lush and
thriving lawn requires the right amount of air and water penetration to allow
vital nutrients to enter the soil. If rainfall pools on the grass, it's time to aerate
compressed soil so oxygen, water and nutrients can reach the roots. A garden
fork can do the job on a small yard. For medium size yards, use a walk-behind
aerator that pulls out 2½-to 3-inch-deep soil plugs, which will break down
naturally by spring. If you yard is very large, you may want to
rent a power yard aerator by the day for a small fee.
Feed your Grass: Cutting back on
fertilizer in late summer prevents perennials from wasting energy on leaf
production, however, grass roots keep growing until the ground gets down to
around 40 degree. If you fertilize your
lawn only once a year, do it in the fall. A fall application of fertilizer
delivers essential nutrients for the grass to grow deep roots now and to keep
nutrients on reserve for a healthy start next spring. Wait until mid-to-late
fall, then apply a dry lawn fertilizer to all grassy areas; be careful not to
miss any spots. Fertilize
with a high-phosphorus (12-25-12) mix to encourage roots, so turf is healthier
and greener in the earlier spring. You could use a crank-style
broadcast spreader, but for optimum coverage, consider using a walk-behind drop
spreader. It takes a little longer, especially on hilly yards, but a drop
spreader provides the best way to apply an even, consistent layer of
fertilizer.
One Final Mow: Continue to
water and mow your lawn, as needed, throughout the fall. Then as the season
draws to a close and the weather gets cooler, drop the mower's blade to its
lowest setting for the last two cuttings of the year. That will allow more
sunlight to reach the crown of the grass, and there will be less leaf to turn
brown during the winter. You should trim your lawn down to about 1.25” for the last cut of the
season. Fallen leaves blow easier across short grass when there is nothing to
cling to and diseases have a harder time growing on shorter blades of grass.
Collect Fallen Leaves: Be sure to
collect all fallen leaves form your lawn (as well as your gutters I know raking
leaves is no one's idea of fun, but it's important to remove fallen leaves from
your lawn as soon as possible. Don't wait until all the leaves have fallen from
the trees to start raking. If you do, the leaves will become wet from rain and
morning dew, stick together, and form an impenetrable mat that if left unmoved
will suffocate the grass and breed fungal diseases. To make fallen leaves easier to
transport, rake them onto a plastic tarp. If you really want to be yard
friendly, add them to a compost bin—a simple chicken-wire pen will do. Flip the
leaf pile every week with a garden fork to aerate; the "black gold"
that results next year can nourish lawns, flower beds, and shrub borders.
Here are some steps to help get your yard read:
Trim Dead Limbs: Lifeless branches can
succumb to winter snow and high winds, endangering you and your home. For large
jobs, make sure to call a professional “Tree Care Specialist” who will be able to
remove limbs in a safe and efficient way. But you can protect small ornamental
trees from further damage by cutting cracked, loose, and diseased limbs close
to but not flush with the trunk. You can leave the wounds exposed to
heal. Pruning too soon can harm your trees and shrubs. So, when it comes
to fall pruning, procrastination is the way to go. Wait until trees drop their
leaves and are dormant—usually October or November.
Cut Back Perennials: A little work now
results in healthier spring beds: Evict tired annuals, as well as the snails
and slugs that feed on them, which breed in fall. Trim spent perennial foliage
down to the ground; this sends energy to the roots, for next season. Every
three years, divide crowded tuberous plants, like irises and daylilies: More
space means more flower.
Plant new Shrubs: In many parts of the
country, planting shrubs in early fall gives the plants a head start at
establishing roots in the season's cool, moist soil. Make sure to dig a hole
twice the diameter and to a depth of 2 inches less than the full height of the
root ball; position the shrub in the hole but make sure the top of the root ball
remains at, not below, ground level; fill in with soil; water to settle soil;
add more soil to top of root ball (don't pack soil down with foot); finish with
mulch to help keep plants moist and offer a protective layer.
Mulch Your Plants: Give new beds a layer
of mulch—chopped leaves, weed-free straw, or wood chips—after a light frost,
but before the ground freezes. Till decomposed layers of organic mulch into the
soil, then apply a fresh 2- to 4-inch layer to keep new plantings warm and to
control water runoff and soil erosion. Applying more than 4 inches of mulch may
result in mothering the roots of your plants and is not recommended.
Dry Out Water System: Standing water can
freeze and crack drip-irrigation tubing in the colder months as well as give
mosquitoes a perfect habitat in warmer fall weather. For simple systems, it’s
recommended to turn the water off, unscrews the tap-joint adapter, and, using a
high-volume, low-pressure setting on a compressor, inserts an air hose where
the system normally attaches to the tap. Blowing the water out avoids
having to uproot the entire system.
Give your yard and lawn a
little attention now, and you'll be rewarded with lush, healthy grass,
trees and flower gardens come spring.